Development of Domestic and international

• liu jiali
• “江昕轮胎杯”第22届中国轮胎技术研讨会

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0798-0799

  [Abstract](10)

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• Abstract:

Applied Theory

• Wu Weizhipeng, Zou Hua, Ning Nanying, Tian Ming, ZHANG Jian, PAN Chengteng
• Preparation and Performance of ACM Flexible Electrode Composites

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0732-0738

  [Abstract](802)

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• Abstract:Acrylate rubber （ACM） flexible electrode composites were prepared by the blend of conductive carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNT），the dispersibility of conductive carbon black and MWCNT in ACM matrix and the effects of their blend ratios on the vulcanization characteristics，physical properties and electrical conductivity of the flexible electrode composites were investigated，and the adhesion of the flexible electrode composites and dielectric elastomer（DE） substrates was analyzed. The results showed that conductive carbon black and MWCNT had good dispersibility in the ACM matrix. The elongation at break of the ACM flexible electrode composites with conductive carbon black/MWCNT blend system was much greater than 200%，which met the requirements of the DE generator for large deformation. Compared with the flexible electrode composites with conductive carbon black，the hardness and elastic modulus of the flexible electrode composites with conductive carbon black/MWCNT blend system were reduced，and the flexibility was improved. With the increase of the amount of MWCNT， the conductive path of the flexible electrode composites was gradually improved，and the conductivity increased. After co-vulcanization of ACM flexible electrode composites with 10/10 blend ratio of conductive carbon black/MWCNT and ACM-based DE substrates，the adhesive strength of the two reached 5 N·mm^-1， and the bonding stability was good.

• WANG Gongliang, YIN Hao, ZHANG Qinghong, WEN Xinlong, SHI Xinyan
• Effect of Compounding Systems on Properties of Low-temperature Fluororubber Compounds

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0739-0744

  [Abstract](576)

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• Abstract:Taking domestic low-temperature fluororubber（brand CG-FLT） as the matrix，the effects of compounding systems，such as reinforcing system，curing system and acid absorption system，on the properties of low-temperature fluororubber compounds（hereinafter referred to as fluororubber compounds） were investigated. The results showed that，the fluororubber compounds could obtain excellent tensile properties and low brittleness temperature by combining small and large particle size carbon black. With the increase of the amount of carbon black，the compression sets of the fluororubber compounds increased. The effect of small particle size carbon black on the increase of compression sets was more obvious. The amount and type of curing agent had little effect on the brittleness temperatures of the fluororubber compounds. The amount of curing agent of the fluororubber compounds should not be too large，3 phr of 2，5-dimethyl-2， 5-bis- （tert-butylperoxy ） hexane was appropriate，and its crosslinking efficiency was higher than that of the amount of curing agent DCP with the equivalent initiation efficiency. Compared with magnesium oxide/calcium hydroxide absorption system，zinc oxide was preferred for the acid absorption system of the fluororubber compounds. The temperature TR10 at which fluororubber compounds retracted by 10% was basically not affected by the reinforcing system，curing system and acid absorption system，which was determined by the glass transition temperature of the fluororubber matrix.

Material · Compounding

• TANG Junhui, ZHANG Baosheng, WANG Xuefei, LI Bin, LUO Jianquan, YANG Jun
• Application of ENR in Damping Materials

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0745-0748

  [Abstract](716)

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• Abstract:The effect of epoxidized natural rubber（ENR）dosage on the properties of natural rubber （NR）/ENR composites was studied. The results showed that after ENR and NR were blended，the maximum damping factor（tanδ） and damping temperature range（tanδ＞0. 3） of the NR/ENR composites increased， and the temperature corresponding to the maximum tanδ moved to a lower temperature. As the dosage of ENR increased，the shore A hardness，tensile strength and elongation at break of the NR/ENR composites tended to decrease，and the modulus at 100% elongation showed an increasing trend. When the ENR dosage was 10 phr，the temperature corresponding to the maximum tanδ of the NR/ENR composites was around 25 ℃，and its comprehensive properties were the best.

• CHEN Mingxing, ZHAO Tianqi, CHEN Shaomei, QU Zhaoqi, SUN Zongxue, ZHOU Zhifeng, ZHANG Xinjun
• Application of Molybdenum-catalyzed HVBR in Tread Compound

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0749-0753

  [Abstract](638)

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• Abstract:The application of molybdenum-catalyzed high vinyl polybutadiene rubber（HVBR） in the tread compound of PCR tire was investigated.The results showed that，compared with solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber（SSBR） compound，SSBR/natural rubber blend and SSBR/butadiene rubber blend，SSBR/HVBR（20 phr） blend had the best dynamic mechanical properties with high wet skid resistance and low rolling resistance.

• XIE Jiazhen and XIE Shengwu
• Application of New Nano Carbon Materials in IIR Inner Tube Compound

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0754-0758

  [Abstract](716)

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• Abstract:The application of new nano carbon materials SG6 and G65 to replace carbon black N660 in isobutene-isoprene rubber（IIR） inner tube compound was studied.The results showed that the Mooney viscosity of IIR compound with carbon black N660/new nano carbon material blend（total amount was 70 phr） decreased，the processability was improved，and the overall curing speed was the same.The physical properties of the IIR vulcanizates with carbon black N660/SG6 blends（the blending ratios were 35/35 and 10/60） could meet the performance requirements of the inner tube product，and the permeability was reduced by more than 20%.Replacing all carbon black N660 with 70 phr G65 or 80 phr G65 in the IIR inner tube compound，the physical property and gas barrier property of the compounds met requirements of the inner tube products.The application of the new nanocarbon materials could effectively reduce the production cost of IIR inner tubes since their price was at least 20% lower than that of carbon black.

• GENG Yifei, LIU Zhiao, ZHAO Qingzhen, LI Peijun
• Study on Application of Modified Pyrolysis Carbon Black in Sidewall Compound of Passenger Car Tire

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0759-0763

  [Abstract](679)

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• Abstract:Pyrolysis carbon black（CBp） was modified，and the application of modified CBp in passenger tire sidewall compound was studied（replacing 50% carbon black N375 with the same amount of CBp）. The results showed that when the CBp was unmodified CBp，the physical properties of the sidewall compound decreased significantly. When the CBp was physically modified（air flow crushing），the physical properties of the sidewall compound were still reduced. However，when the CBp was chemically modified by using maleic anhydride-ethylene glycol-dicyclopentadiene copolymer，the physical properties of the sidewall compound showed little change，and the rolling resistance decreased. Chemically modified CBp could be used to replace a certain proportion of carbon black N375 in the sidewall compound，which was beneficial to environmental protection while reducing compound cost.

• HAN Dongli, YANG Jiashun, LIU Yi, ZHENG Junchi, XIAN Bo, ZHANG Liqun
• Application of New Silane Coupling Agent IMLV in Green Tire Tread Compound

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0764-0768

  [Abstract](880)

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• Abstract:The application of a new silane coupling agent IMLV in the green tire tread compound was studied and compared with the traditional coupling agent Si69. The results showed that when coupling agent IMLV was used to replace coupling agent Si69，the Mooney scorch time of the compound was prolonged， and the processing safety and stability were improved. Meanwhile，the hardness，modulus，tensile strength， tear strength and tensile set of the vulcanizate were equivalent，the elongation at break increased，the wear resistance was improved，the dispersion at break of silica in rubber matrix was better，the loss factor of the vulcanizate decreased，and the rolling resistance was reduced.

Technology · Equipment

• LIU Ming, CHAO Haiyang, LI Feixiang
• Research on Relationship between Forming Process and Sealing Performance of High-precision Valve Core

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0769-0775

  [Abstract](601)

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• Abstract:The rubber/metal composite structure of high-precision valve core and its adhesion property were introduced，the relationship between the forming process and sealing performance of high-precision valve core was analyzed，the sealing solution of the valve core produced by each forming process was presented，and reasonable suggestions were recommended for the molds and tooling involved in the forming process. The forming process technology could be used as a reference for the development and production of various valve cores and rubber/metal composite structure parts

• VERA-CASTA?EDA Ernesto
• Solution Scheme of Exhaust Emission Control in Carbon Black Production

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0776-0779

  [Abstract](626)

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• Abstract:This paper introduces the solution scheme of exhaust emission control in carbon black production.Compared with the current traditional wet desulfurization process，the Mengmoke concentration/conversion solution scheme could not only reduce the emission volume fraction of sulfur dioxide（SO₂） from carbon black production exhaust to below 10×10^-6 and bring more economic benefits by-production to carbon black enterprises，but also significantly reduce the secondary discharge of sulfate waste liquid，at the same time it could flexibly deal with the increase of SO₂ content in exhaust due to the change of feed oil in the future.

Testing · Analysis

• LI Fan, YANG Kai, YU Wenyu, YANG Xiaolei
• Evaluation of Uncertainty of Measurement Results of Force Measuring Method of Tire Rolling Resistance Testing Machine

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0780-0784

  [Abstract](653)

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• Abstract:The uncertainty of the measurement results of the force measuring method of TJR-RR-PC/TB（Y） dual station tire rolling resistance testing machine was evaluated by using a mathematical model and correlating all inputs through the fitting curves of the test data of the tire which covered the inputs involved in the calculation of the tire rolling resistance coefficient and the inputs that affected the measurement results. The results showed that the relative expanded uncertainty of the tire rolling resistance coefficient measured by the tire rolling resistance testing machine in the 95% confidence interval was 0. 012 4（including factor was 2），and the main factors affecting the uncertainty were the repeatability of the measurement of the tester and the inflation pressure.

• FAN Yanyan, LI Zhihui, WEI Hao
• Effect of Damp Heat Salt Spray Environment on Aging Property of Silicone Rubber

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0785-0789

  [Abstract](1170)

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• Abstract:The effects of damp heat salt spray environment on the aging properties of silicone rubber （methyl vinyl silicone rubber）were explored through the aging test of silicone rubber in hot air（air），pure water（water），artificial seawater（seawater），damp heat and damp heat salt spray environments. The results showed that when the silicone rubber was aged without stress，the effects of water（steam） on the tensile strength and elongation at break were not obvious. When aging under compressive stress，the effect of water （steam） on the compression set was significant. The accelerated aging effect of salt spray on silicone rubber was not obvious，and compared with the test results of aging in air，the accelerated aging effect of damp heat salt spray was equivalent with that of damp heat.

Comprehensive and Special Review

• MU Bingzhen, CHEN Hailong, HE Yan
• Research Status and Progress of Preparation Methods and Properties of CNTs/Rubber Composites

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0790-0797

  [Abstract](759)

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• Abstract:The methods of modification of carbon nanotubes（CNTs） in recent years were introduced in this paper，including the covalent modification and non-covalent modification. The preparation methods of CNTs/rubber composites were summarized，including the mechanical blending，melt blending，solution blending，spray drying，latex blending and slurry blending，and the advantages and problems of each method were pointed out. The research progress of CNTs/rubber composites was summarized from the mechanical properties，thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. The problems existing in the field of CNTs/ rubber composites were analyzed，and the preparation and performance development of CNTs/rubber composites were prospected.

Special Contribution

• BAI Lin, LIANG Chen, ZHU Daqian, WANG Guolin
• Study on Measurement of Dynamic Contact Pressure Distribution of Tire by Optical Absorption Method

• 2022 Vol. 69(10): 0723-0731

  [Abstract](626)

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• Abstract:The test bench for the ground contact footprint image of the tire using optical absorption method was designed，and the dynamic contact pressure distribution of the tire was obtained through image processing algorithm under the control of inflation pressure，load，camber angle and slip angle.The image processing algorithm was as follows：firstly the contact footprint image of the tire was taken，then the contact area between the tire and the road surface in the image was obtained through image correction，gray-scaling， filtering, denoising and image segmentation，the correlation between the image gray scale and the contact pressure of the tire was established through the calibration mechanism，and the contact footprint image was converted into the contact pressure distribution image of the tire.Taking an asymmetric pattern radial tire with a specification of 205/55R16 as an example，the dynamic contact footprint of the tire was tested on the test bench，and the contact pressure distribution and contact footprint characteristic value of the tire under different working conditions were obtained.The absolute values of relative errors of the calculated load of the tire were basically less than 10%，which verified the effectiveness of the optical test bench.