Special Contribution

• JIA Tingting,GAO Qingqing,SHANG Zihao,TAO　Yong and HU Haiqing
• Study on Non-Newtonian Index of SIS Thermoplastic Elastomers

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0243-0252

  [Abstract](73)

  [PDF](28)

• Abstract:Based on the non Newtonian fluid power-law equation，the flow curves of polystyrene polyisoprene polystyrene（SIS） thermoplastic elastomers with two types of polystyrene phase contents （15% and 29%） were studied using a dual tube capillary rheometer，the non Newtonian index（n） was obtained by different fitting methods，and the accuracy of the n was determined through deviation analysis.The results indicated that，the flow curves of SIS thermoplastic elastomers need to be fitted in different ways based on the viscous flow transition temperature（Tf），the n could be obtained by the segmented first order fitting method at the temperature bleow Tf，the n could be obtained by the segmented second order fitting method at the temperature near Tf，and the n could be obtained by the global second order fitting method at the temperatures above Tf.The n obtained by the segmented fitting method had a significant impact on the shear viscosity and the tensile viscosity of SIS thermoplastic elastomer.The segmented fitting method to obtain the n for the flow curves of two different types of polymers SIS thermoplastic elastomer and polyethylene was universal.

Applied Theory

• LIU Benxin,DING Runwei,SUN Quan and LI Mingqing
• Study on Effects of Complex Tread Pattern on Simulation Results of All-steel Off-The-Road Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0253-0260

  [Abstract](79)

  [PDF](35)

• Abstract:Taking 16.00R25 all-steel off-the-road radial tire as the object，the finite element models of the complex tread pattern tire and smooth tread tire were established.The effectiveness of the two models was verified by comparing simulation results and measured results，and the influence of the complex tread pattern on simulation results of the tire was studied based on different drum sizes.The simulation results showed that the differences between the simulated values and measured values of the inflated peripheral dimentions of two models of the tires met the engineering error requirements.The simulation results of the footprint of the complex tread pattern tire were closer to the measurement results.Compared with the smooth tread tire，the torsional stiffness，lateral stiffness and radial stiffness of the complex tread pattern tire were all reduced.The change trends of the mechanical properties of the complex tread pattern tire and the smooth tread tire were consistent under different operating conditions，but the variation amplitudes were different.

Material · Compounding

• YAO Huidan,Du Zhongjin,DU　Yu,ZHAO Hongying and SUN　Chong
• Effect of MWCNTs Amounts on Extrusion Rheological Properties of NR/BR Blends

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0261-0266

  [Abstract](74)

  [PDF](27)

• Abstract:The natural rubber/butadiene rubber blends were filled with multi walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs）/carbon black N330，the effect of the MWCNTs amounts on the extrusion rheological properties of the blends was studied.The results showed that as the MWCNTs amounts increased，the Mooney viscosity of the blend increased，and the stress relaxation rate decreased.As the shear rate increased，the steady viscosity of the blend（melt） decreased，the shear stress approximately increased linearly，the extrusion swelling ratio and the distortion degree of the extrudate increased.When the shear rate was fixed，as the MWCNTs amount increased，the extrusion swelling ratio of the blend decreased.When the shear rate was 50 s-1，the MWCNTs amounts had little effect on the surface morphologies of the extrudate of the blends.When the shear rate was 200 s-1，the surface of the extrudate of the blend with 7 phr MWCNTs exhibited twisted state.When the shear rate reached 500 s-1，the surfaces of the extrudate of the blend with different MWCNTs amounts showed twisted states.

• QIN Lipan,LIU Xiaochen,YANG Lanxiang,LIAO Wanlin and CAO Jianping
• Study on Properties of Sulfur Loaded Modified MWCNTs/NR Composites

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0267-0272

  [Abstract](78)

  [PDF](34)

• Abstract:Multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） were modified by sulfur loading to prepare sulfur loaded modified MWCNTs（MWCNTs-S for short），and MWCNTs-S/Natural Rubber（NR） composites were prepared by emulsion blending method.The results showed that MWCNTs-S exhibited obvious characteristic diffraction peaks of sulfur，the crystal disorder and surface defect degree of MWCNTs-S increased，and the sulfur nanoparticles dispersed uniformly on the surface of MWCNTs-S without forming large agglomerations.Compared with MWCNTs/NR composite，the processing safety，tensile strength，tear strength and wear resistance of MWCNTs-S/NR composites were improved，the compression heat build-up was reduced.The reinforcement effect of MWCNTs-S on the composites was significant.This work provided a new idea and method for the modification of MWCNTs and its reinforcement of rubber composites.ion blending method. The results show that XRD of MWCNTs modified with sulfur load shows obvious characteristic diffraction peaks of sulfur. Raman results show that the ID/IG value increases from 0.97 to 1.08, and the disorder and surface defect degree of MWCNTs increase. SEM-EDS showed that the sulfur nanocrystals dispersed uniformly on the surface of MWCNTs without forming large agglomerations. The processing properties of rubber composite have been improved, and the mechanical properties have been significantly improved, the tensile strength has been increased from the original 28.4 MPa to 29.9 MPa, and the tearing strength has been increased from the original 120.3 kN?m-1 to 139.2 kN?m-1. The rubber composite prepared has excellent mechanical properties. This work provides a new idea and method for the modification of MWCNTs and the reinforcement of rubber composites.

• GAO Xueting,MENG Qingzhe,ZHANG Shaojiao and sun xue hong
• Study on Structures and Properties of Graphene Oxide Reinforced XNBRL Composites Films

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0273-0278

  [Abstract](70)

  [PDF](26)

• Abstract:The tea polyphenol（TP） was used to reduce graphene oxide（GO） to obtain tea polyphenol reduced graphene oxide（TPG），and the structures and properties of GO and TPG reinforced carboxyl nitrile butadiene latex（XNBRL） composite flims were studied.The results showed that，as the dosage of GO increased，the 300% modulus of the GO/XNBRL composite film decreased firstly and then increased，while the tensile strength and elongation at break increased firstly and then decreased，the optimal dosage of GO was 0.4 phr.As the dosage of TPG increased，the 300% modulus of the TPG/XNBRL composite film increased，while the tensile strength and elongation at break increased firstly and then decreased，the optimal dosage of TPG was 0.4 phr.The dispersion uniformity and reinforcement effect of TPG was significantly better than that of GO.

• WANG Dan,DENG Wang and LI Daiqiang
• Application of Environmentally-friendly Zinc in Tread Compound of All-steel Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0279-0283

  [Abstract](78)

  [PDF](48)

• Abstract:The application of environmentally-friendly zinc in the tread compound of all-steel truck and bus radial tire was studied.The results showed that using an equivalent amount of environmentally-friendly zinc instead of ordinary zinc oxide for the tread compound of all-steel truck and bus radial tires，the zinc content of the compound decreased，the heat generation slightly decreased，the cutting resistance was improved，and other properties were equivalent.Compared with reference tire with ordinary zinc oxide in tread compound，the durability in room drum test of test tire with environmentally-friendly zinc in tread compound was improved.In the later stage of the road test，compared to the normal tire，the hardness of the tread crown and the wear of the tread of the road test tire were comparable，the actual performance of the test tire was good.

Product · Design

• MA Gujian,CHEN　Ping,WANG Yingjie,LIAO Kaixing and YING　Hong
• Research on Environmental Resistance of O-Ring Rubber Seals for Nuclear Power Plants

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0284-0289

  [Abstract](75)

  [PDF](25)

• Abstract:Three commonly used types of O-ring rubber seals for nuclear power plants[nitrile rubber（NBR），ethylene-propylene-diene rubber（EPDM） and fluororubber（FKM） seals] were selected for heat-air aging，damp-heat aging and ozone aging tests.The results showed that，under heat-air aging conditions，the hardness of NBR sealing ring increased，the elongation at break decreased the most，the oxidation induction time was shortened the most significantly，and the heat-air aging resistance was the worst.Under damp-heat aging conditions，the performance of the three types of rubber seals did not significantly decrease.Among them，the hardness of NBR sealing ring increased，and the elongation at break of NBR and FKM sealing rings increased in a short period of time（aging 168 h） and decreased after a longer period of time（aging 672 h）.Under ozone aging conditions，the hardness of FKM sealing ring remained unchanged，the elongation at break increased，and the ozone resistance was the best.Among the thermal properties of the three types of rubber seals，changes in the oxidation inducation time were more sensitive than changes in thermal gravimetric analysis components，and the data for the oxidation inducation time was single，making it easier to determine the aging status of the rubber seals.

• SUN Na
• Study on Adhensive Properties of PU Sealant for Prefabricated Buildings in Different Humidity Environments

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0290-0295

  [Abstract](71)

  [PDF](24)

• Abstract:The adhensive properties of polyurethane（PU） sealant for prefabricated buildings in different humidity conditions were studied.The results showed that the adhensive strength between rough matrix and PU sealant was lower than that of smooth matrix in low humidity condition，and the adhensive strength between smooth matrix and PU sealant was lower than that of rough matrix in high humidity condition.The low temperature and humidity condition reduced the adhensive strength of PU sealant，while the low temperature and dry condition had little effect on the adhensive properties of PU sealant.As the moisture content of concrete increasing，the tensile strength of PU sealant decreased.During dry curing and immersion curing，as the drying curing time prolonging，the adhensive strength of PU sealant first increased and then decreased.When the isocyanate index was 0.95，the tensile properties of PU sealant were better.When the amount of thixotropic agent was 30 phr，the adhensive properties of PU sealant were better.

Technology · Equipment

• ZHANG Chao,WANG Zesheng,XU Yan and ZHANG Zerong
• Study on friction performance of composite microporous textured end face seal device of mixer

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0296-0300

  [Abstract](59)

  [PDF](24)

• Abstract:Using the pin-disk rotation motion mode of the TRB3 friction and wear testing machine，simulate the motion state of the dynamic and static seal ring friction pairs of the end face seal device of the mixer，design orthogonal experiments to study the influence of working condition parameters of the mixer and composite texture parameters on the friction performance of the circle-ellipse vertical composite microporous texture end face of the seal device.The visual analysis of the orthogonal experiment showed that，when the load（P）＝1 N，the speed（n）＝55 r·min-1，the texture microporous depth（hp）＝2 μm and the texture area ratio（Sp）＝18.84%，the friction coefficient（μ） of the composite texture end face was the smallest.The range analysis of the orthogonal experiment showed that，when P＝2 N，n＝65 r·min-1，hp＝2 μm and Sp＝18.84%，the μof the composite texture end face was the smallest，and the order of the influence on the μ from large to small was hp，Sp，n，P.

• SUN Yanmei,TAN Jing,JIAO Zhiwei,YAN Hua,DING Yumei,CHEN Hao and YANG Weimin
• Design of temperature controller for electromagnetic heating of drum shell in internal mold of tire direct vulcanization metal

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0301-0307

  [Abstract](71)

  [PDF](29)

• Abstract:In order to improve the temperature control precision of the metal inner mold of the tire direct vulcanization during electromagnetic induction heating and the quality of tire vulcanization，the multi-point electromagnetic coil-drum tile model was used as the research object for modeling and finite element analysis，and the mathematical model between the drum tile temperature and the AC current strength of the electromagnetic coil was determined.On this basis，the proportional-integral-derivative（PID） control system of the temperature of the electromagnetic coil-drum tile model was established and the fuzzy algorithm was introduced for optimization.The simulation results showed that compared with PID control，the rise time of the temperature curve of the fuzzy PID control was shortened by 68.39%，the adjustment time was shortened by 32.27%，and the overshoot was reduced from 0.097 to 0.009，which was reduced by 90.72%.Therefore，the introduction of the fuzzy control strategy to optimize the PID control shorted the response time and adjustment time of the temperature control system，decreased the overshoot，reduced the heating temperature difference of the drum tile and effectively improved the temperature control accuracy during the drum tile heating.This research could provide valuable reference for the temperature control technology of the electromagnetic induction heating for the metal internal mold of the tire direct vulcanization.

Testing · Analysis

• JING Tao,ZHANG Yanlong,WANG Xuegang and WANG Hui
• Research on Performance Testing Methods and Standards of Rubber O-Ring Seals Used in Off-The-Road Tires

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0308-0311

  [Abstract](75)

  [PDF](25)

• Abstract:As a key component of tubeless tires，the rubber O-ring seals currently lacked standardized performance testing methods and standards，easy to cause tire air leakage due to its quality issues.By analyzing the current testing status of the rubber O-ring seals used in off-the-road tires（hereinafter referred to as seal rings），key performance testing methods and standards for the seal rings were proposed，achieving quantifiable performance of the seal rings and providing data support for the continuous performance improvement of the seal rings.

Comprehensive and Special Review

• Chen Nan,Ma Qingqing,Mu Bingzhen,He Yan and Chen Hailong
• Research Progress on Wet Mixing Methods and Properties of Rubber Composites

• 2025 Vol. 72(4): 0312-0319

  [Abstract](88)

  [PDF](33)

• Abstract:Research progress on the wet mixing methods and the properties of the rubber composites was introduced.The wet mixing methods of the rubber composites including the in-situ method，emulsion blending method，solution blending method，high-shear dispersion method and continuous liquid-phase mixing method，and these methods had their own advantages and existing different issues.The wet mixing methods had a significiant impact on the flowabilities，physical properties，thermal conductivities，electrical conductivities and microstructures of the rubber composites.In the future，the correlation between the wet mixing methods and the properties of the rubber composites would be a research focus.