| 生物基弹性体的研究进展 |
| Research Progress of Bio-based Elastomers |
| 投稿时间：2023-07-17 修订日期：2023-07-17 |
| DOI：10.12136/j.issn.1000-890X.2023.09.0675 |
| 中文关键词: 生物基弹性体 生物基单体 生物基衣康酸酯弹性体 天然弹性体 |
| 英文关键词: bio-based elastomer bio-based monomer bio-based itaconate elastomer natural elastomer |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC2104702）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（52273003） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 石油基合成弹性体发展迅速但存在不可持续的问题，且日益受到节能减排的压力；天然橡胶受环境和气候影响较大，产量有限，我国天然橡胶自给不足，严重依赖进口。面对上述挑战，以太阳能为源头，开发不依赖于化石资源的新一代生物基弹性体是解决橡胶资源短缺的有效手段，也是保障全球橡胶资源安全、长久、稳定供应的必由之路。本文综述两类生物基弹性体的最新研究进展。目前主要有两种思路制备生物基弹性体，一种是利用生物基单体（如乙烯、异戊二烯、衣康酸）通过传统的合成工艺制备生物基异戊橡胶、生物基三元乙丙橡胶、生物基衣康酸酯弹性体等生物基合成弹性体，其性能可与传统非生物基工程弹性体相媲美，有望直接替代现有工程弹性体；另一种是提取植物体自然生成的弹性体如天然橡胶、杜仲胶、蒲公英橡胶等。在双碳战略背景下，随着微生物发酵技术和基因工程技术的迅速发展，生物基弹性体的成本会逐渐接近传统橡胶，其具有广阔的发展前景。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The rapid development of petroleum-based synthetic elastomers has posed unsustainable issues and faced increasing pressure for energy efficiency and emission reduction. Natural rubber is greatly influenced by the environment and climate with limited production. China is heavily reliant on imports due to inadequate self-sufficiency in natural rubber. In response to these challenges，developing a new generation of bio-based elastomers that are independent of fossil resources with solar energy is an effective way to address the shortage of rubber resources and ensure global rubber resource security with long-term and sustainable supply. This article reviews the latest research progress in two main categories of bio-based elastomers which were produced by different approaches. One approach involves using bio-based monomers（such as ethylene， isoprene and itaconic acid） to synthesize bio-based synthetic elastomers like bio-based isoprene rubber， bio-based ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and bio-based itaconate elastomer using traditional synthesis processes. These bio-based synthetic elastomers exhibit comparable performance to traditional non-bio-based engineering elastomers，making them promising alternatives to existing engineering elastomers. The other approach involves extracting naturally occurring elastomers from plants，such as natural rubber，Eucommia ulmoides gum，and TKS rubber. In the context of the dual carbon strategy，with the rapid development of microbial fermentation technology and genetic engineering，the cost of bio-based elastomers will gradually approach that of traditional rubber，opening up broad prospects for their development. |
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