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| 轮胎力和力矩建模、试验与仿真 |
| Modeling，Test and Simulation of Tire Forces and Moments |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 轮胎力和力矩；轮胎模型；车辆动力学；有限元分析 |
| 英文关键词: tire forces and moments；tire model；vehicle dynamics；finite element analysis |
| 基金项目: |
| 中图分类号:TQ336. 1+.1；Q241.82 |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | SHEN Xiao-liang | Tsinghua University | | HUANG Ge-ge | Guizhou Tire Co.，Ltd | | WEI Yin-tao | Tsinghua University |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 综述轮胎力和力矩的各种表征方法和用于汽车动力学仿真的轮胎模型，包括简单物理模型、半经验模型和结构化模型。指出汽车工业对轮胎力和力矩的要求和车辆动力学仿真对轮胎模型的要求。比较轮胎力和力矩的测试设备和测试方法并分析侧向力、回正力矩等外特性曲线特征。基于混合拉格朗日-欧拉有限元理论（MLE），提出一种从轮胎结构设计出发直接预报轮胎力和力矩的方法。结合某轿车子午线轮胎和两款轻型载重子午线轮胎，研究了接地压力、侧向剪切力以及不同负荷下的侧向力及回正力矩随侧偏角的变化情况，并指出胎面刚度主要控制侧偏刚度和回正刚度，而地面摩擦系数主要控制峰值侧向力和峰值回正力矩，仿真结果与试验数据吻合程度良好，侧偏刚度误差为6.7%，回正刚度误差为16.3%，从而证明MLE方法的正确性。本工作证明直接从轮胎结构设计出发预报其力和力矩特性是可行的。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Characterizing methods of tire forces and moments，and tire models in vehicle dynamic simulation were summarized，including simple physical model，semi-empirical model and structured model.The requirements from automobile industry were also highlighted.Tire force measurement equipments and methods were compared，and tire performance curves such as lateral force and aligning torque were analyzed.Based on mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element approach（MLE），the method of directly predicting tire forces and moments from tire structure design was proposed.The relationship between tire slip angle and forces were investigated，including contact patch pressure，lateral shear force，lateral forces under different loadings and aligning torque.It was found that the cornering stiffness and aligning stiffness were controlled by tread stiffness，while the peak lateral force and aligning torque were controlled by tire-to-ground coefficient of friction.The simulation results were in good accordance with experimental data，with 6.7% for error of lateral stiffness and 16.3% for error of aligning stiffness.The result demonstrated that MLE approach and prediction method were effective. |
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