Special and Comprehensive Review

• SHI Taiping and WANG Lidan
• Development and Improvement of 235/60R18 SUV Original Tire

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0259-0264

  [Abstract](97)

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• Abstract:Taking the development and improvement of 235/60R18 SUV original tire as an example，the impact of pattern design and construction design on the matching performance between vehicles and tires was primarily explored.A finite element analysis method was employed to optimize the staggered pitch of full-tread patterns，effectively reducing tread noise.Various indoor and outdoor testing methods were used to select the optimal construction design scheme，in order to achieve the desired target of tire performance.

• Chen Xiaoxia,Du Hulin,GAO Huijun,FAN Yuchao,WUN Xuejie and WANG Feng
• Study on Production of Silica Compounds Using Tandem Internal Mixers

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0265-0269

  [Abstract](94)

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• Abstract:The compounds properties and production efficiency of producing silica compounds using tandem internal mixers was studied.The results indicated that compared to the conventional single internal mixer mixing process，the tandem internal mixer mixing process could improve the processability of the compound，enhance processing safety，reduce the Payne effect，and increase tensile properties，tear strength and wet skid resistance while lowering rolling resistance.Additionally，it could reduce the number of mixing stages，so that significantly boosting production efficiency.

• LIU Jianyue,WANG Chuanzhu,SUN Quan,ZHANG Zhaoying and MA Qingjun
• Simulation Analysis of Inflation Pressure Effect on Performance of Off-The-Road Radial Tires for Mining

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0270-0273

  [Abstract](75)

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• Abstract:The finite element method was adopted to establish tire loading simulation models under different inflation pressures，and the influence of inflation pressure on the performance of off-the-road radial tires for mining was investigated.The results showed that much higher inflation pressure could sufficiently increase the tension of carcass materials and reduce the overall deformation of rubber materials，but it could intensify the shear strain at the belt end and lead to an increase in strain energy density.Much lower inflation pressure could increase the inflated cross-sectional width，reduce the tire overall stiffness and the bead durability，and raise the tire overall heat build up，while the shear strain concentration at the belt end was alleviated.Reasonable control and maintenance of inflation pressure according to on-site working conditions were required for off-the-road radial tires for mining.

Structure Design

• ZHOU Mingchao,HE Liping,SU Youzhe,GUO Zhiqiang and ZHENG Yongliang
• Design of 8.25－16 16PR Single-Side Reinforced Wheel Excavator Tire without Rubber Ring

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0274-0276

  [Abstract](75)

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• Abstract:The design of 8.25－16 16PR single-side reinforced wheel excavator tire without rubber ring was introduced.In the structure design，the following parameters were taken：overall diameter　830 mm，cross-sectional width 　195 mm，width of running surface　192 mm，arc height of running surface　6 mm，bead diameter ar rim seat　405 mm，bead width at rim seat　165 mm，maximum width position of cross-section（ H₁/ H₂）　0.82，using directional patterns for tread，pattern depth　20 mm，block/total ratio　51%，number of pattern pitches　24，using integrated reinforcement platform structure on the sidewall to replace traditional rubber ring for twin tire installation.In the construction design，the following processes were taken：using styrene-butadiene rubber compound formula for tread，6 layers of 1870dtex/2 nylon 6 cord for carcass，2 layers of 930dtex nylon 6 cord for cushioning layer，double steel wire ring structure for bead，and 1B building machine to build tire and two-part mold curing press to cure tire.The inflated pepheral dimension and physical properties of the finished tire met the design and national standard requirements，and the market feedback showed a significant improvement in maintenance-free performance.

• ZHANG Peng,HUANG Xun,ZHANG Jia,CHENG Chao and LI Xiaohu
• Design on 605/80R25 Tubeless All-steel Off-The-Road Radial Tire for Super-Large Tonnage All-terrain Crane

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0277-0281

  [Abstract](78)

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• Abstract:The design on 605/80R25 tubeless all-steel off-the-road radial tire for super-large tonnage all-terrain crane was introduced.In the structure design，the following parameters were taken：overall diameter　1 615 mm，cross-sectional width　605 mm，width of running surface　525 mm，arc height of running surface　16 mm，bead diameter at rim seat　630 mm，bead width at rim seat　500 mm，maximum width position of cross-section（H₁/H₂）　0.90，using E-2 block pattern，pattern depth　25 mm，block/total ratio　60%，and number of pattern pitches　42.In the construction design，the following processes were taken：using tread compound/base compound double-tread winding process，3＋9＋15×0.225HT steel cord for 1^#—3^# belt，4×6×0.25HE steel cord for 4^# belt，7×7×0.22＋0.15HT steel cord for carcass，using one-stage four-drum building machine to build tire，and single mode hot plate curing press to cure tire.It was confirmed by the finished tire test that，the inflated peripheral dimention and endurance both met the requirements of national standards and enterprise standards.The actual loading test showed that the tire wear resistance and load met the technical requirements.

• GUO Zhiqiang,SU Youzhe and ZHOU Mingchao
• Design of 520/85R38 R-1W Agriculture Radial Tire

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0282-0284

  [Abstract](81)

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• Abstract:The design of 520/85R38 R-1W agriculture radial tire was introduced.In the structure design，the following parameters were taken：overall diameter　1 865 mm，cross-sectional width　482 mm，width of running surface　475 mm，arc height of running surface　35 mm，bead diameter at rim seat　965 mm，bead width at rim seat　450 mm，maximum width position of cross-section（H₁/H₂）　0.807，using chevron tread pattern，pattern depth　51 mm，block/total ratio　25.2%，number of pattern pitches　21.In the construction design，the following parameters were taken：using puncture-resistant compound for tread，using 5 layers of 2200dext/2 polyester cord fabric for belts，using 3 layers of 1400dext/2V1 nylon cord fabric for carcass，and using two-step building machine to build tires and single-mold press to cure tires.The test results of the finished tire showed that the inflated perpheral dimension，physical property and hydraulic burst performance of the tire all met the requirements of relative standards and design.

Material·Compounding

• WANG Qiaoping,DONG Kang,ZHAO Xiaodong,ZHANG Jing,WANG Ziqi and NIE Yanpei
• Application of Diend-Functionalized SSBR in Tread Compound of High-Performance Passenger Car Tires

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0285-0289

  [Abstract](85)

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• Abstract:The application of domestic diend-functionalized solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber（SSBR） 2055DF in the tread compound of high-performance passenger car tires was studied.The results showed that compared with imported diend-functionalized SSBR（SOL5251H），the Mooney viscosity，vinyl mass fraction，weight-average relative molecular weight and glass transition temperature of 2055DF were slightly higher and the relative molecular weight distribution was narrower.Using SSBR 2055DF as an equivalent substitute instead of SSBR SOL5251H in the tread compound of 205/55R16 91V high-performance passenger car tire，the vulcanization characteristics of the compound were comparable，the dynamic mechanical properties of the vulcanizate improved.The high-speed performance and durability of the finished tire were comparable，the rolling resistance was reduced and wet braking performance was slightly improved,，while the production costs could be reduced.

• WANG Mengyao,HU Ran and WANG Yi
• Study on Effect of Cap Ply with Different Materials on Tire Performance

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0290-0292

  [Abstract](97)

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• Abstract:The effects of nylon 66 cord fabric and blended aramid cord（nylon 66＋aramid fiber） as the cap ply materials on the performance of radial tires was studied.The results showed that，compared with tires using nylon 66 cord fabric in the cap ply，tires with blended aramid cord fabric in the cap ply exhibited an increased rectangularity ratio of the footprint，better high speed performance and cornering characteristics，and a smaller change in inflated overrall diameter before and after durability testing.

• WANG Binbin,XUE Binbin,LI Benchao,WANG Zhihao and ZHANG Peng
• Application of 4＋3×0.33ST Steel Cord in Belt of Tubeless Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0293-0296

  [Abstract](77)

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• Abstract:The application of 4＋3×0.33ST steel cord in the belt of tubeless truck and bus radial tire was investigated.The results showed that compared with 3×0.20＋6×0.35HT steel cord，the linear density of 4＋3×0.33ST steel cord was smaller，the diameter，coating weight and breaking force were similar，and the adhesive permeability was better.Replacing 3×0.20＋6×0.35HT steel cord with 4＋3×0.33ST steel cord in the belt of 12R22.5 BM918 tubeless truck and bus radial tire，the inflated peripheral dimension，and strength of the finished tire met the national standard requirements，the durability improved，the rolling resistance reduced，and it was beneficial to reduce production costs.

Technology · Equipment

• JING Tao,ZHANG Yanlong,ZHANG Wenjie,WANG Hui and LI Kuigan
• Causes Analysis and Countermeasures of Bead Toe Cracks in All-steel Off-The-Road Radial Tires for Underground Mining

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0297-0300

  [Abstract](79)

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• Abstract:The causes of bead toe cracks in all-steel off-the-road radial tires for underground mining were analyzed，and countermeasures were proposed.Excessive backflow of compound at the bead toe area of green tire could lead to the formation of bead toe crack in the finished tire.By adjusting the pressure of the lock block during the green tire molding process to reduce the flowability of the compound to control backflow during the vulcanization process，the problem of bead toe crack in the tire could be effectively solved.

• FAN Longlong and XIA Delong
• Study on Influence of Steel-belted Radial Tire Vulcanization Process on Radial Force Variation

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0301-0304

  [Abstract](85)

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• Abstract:The influence of steel-belted radial tire vulcanization process on the radial force variation（RFV）was studied.Through data statistical analysis，it was determined that there were differences in tire RFV among vulcanized tires produced by the same molding machine across different vulcanizing machines. Experimental verification confirmed that the impact of the concentricity variation between the vulcanizing robotic arm and the central mechanism，as well as the vulcanizing mold placement height variation on tire RFV，namely，as the concentricity variation or mold placement height variation decreased，the average tire RFV value also decreased.

• WANG Hui,XU Yan,ZHOU Wenmin and WANG Xuegang
• Analysis of Common Failure Causes and Correct Selection Methods in Use of Giant Off-The-Road Radial Tires

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0305-0307

  [Abstract](72)

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• Abstract:The common failures and their causes in the use of giant off-the-road radial tires were introduced，the countermeasures and correct tire selection methods were proposed.Crown space，crown burst，tread cutting，shoulder space，shoulder injury，sidewall injury，sidewall delamination，bead cracking and bead bulging were the main failures in the use of giant off-the-road radial tires.By maintaining reasonable inflation pressure，selecting tires with higher TKPH（product of tire load and driving speed） values or reducing loads and/or speeds of the tires，the failure rates in use of the tires could be effectively reduced.

• ZHANG Sixi,FU Lei,FENG Bo,ZHOU Qian and WANG Hao
• Analysis of Causes for Bending of 0° Belt Steel Cord of All-Steel Truck and Bus Ratial Tires and Improvement Measures

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0308-0311

  [Abstract](84)

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• Abstract:The causes for bending of 0° belt steel cord of all-steel truck and bus ratial tires were analyzed and improvement measures were proposed.The results showed that under the premise of unchanged tread area and mass，by reducing the shoulder thickness and decreasing the outer circumference of the green tire in the shoulder area，reducing the formed carcass drum circumference and formed drum plane width by 10 and 6 mm respectively，the bending of 0° belt steel cord could be solved effectively.Additionally，the processability of the 0° belt and the performance of the finished tires remained normal.

• ZHANG Jing,PEI Quanhuan,WANG Zhiping and WANG Xiaojua
• Study on Air Leakage Issues of All-steel Off-The-Road Radial Tires for Mining

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0312-0315

  [Abstract](75)

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• Abstract:The air leakage issues of all-steel off-the-road radial tires for mining were studied.Through market research on mining tires，discussions on rim selection with manufacturers and finite element simulation results，the main factors affecting tire air leakage were found，which included the performance of the tire inner liner，the maximum clamping force and pressure distribution of the bead，the bead profile，rim and tire assembly，sealing rings，as well as the inflation pressure of tire during transportation and use.That avoiding potential air leakage issues early in the product design phase by finite element simulation could enhance the design efficiency of tires.

Test·Analysis

• REN Peihua,LIU Jianyue,DING Runwei,WANG Xuegang and WANG Hui
• Simulation Research on Crown Delamination Damage Mechanism of Off-The-Road Radial Tire

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0316-0319

  [Abstract](72)

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• Abstract:A finite element model of tire loading was established stress characteristics of the compound at the bonding interface between the base compound and the belt at the center crown position were analyzed to investigate the crown delamination damage mechanism of off-the-road radial tires，as well as the relationship between the belt angle and crown delamination.The results showed that the radial-circumferential shear strain of the base compound at the center crown position was the mechanical cause of crown delamination of off-the-road radial tires.As the belt angle of the working layer increased，the amplitude of the shear strain of the base compound at the center crown position before and after tire grounding increased，which raised the risk of tire crown delamination.The experimental results demonstrated that the method of predicting tire crown delamination using the amplitude of the radial-circumferential shear strain of the base compound at the center crown position was practical and effective.

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• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0264-0264

  [Abstract](46)

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• 四川远星印尼建厂,重点布局两轮车胎

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0264-0264

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• 轮胎接地压力分布与轮胎花纹的滚动阻力预测方法及系统

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0319-0319

  [Abstract](48)

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• 赛轮“液体黄金”轮胎配套比亚迪闪充车型

• 2026 Vol. 46(5): 0319-0319

  [Abstract](47)

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