Special and Comprehensive Review

• QU BIN JIAN,WANG JUN and YE TONG XIN
• Design and Performance Analysis of Ultra-high-speed Tire

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0067-0069

  [Abstract](363)

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• Abstract:Through a comprehensive analysis of a representative super-running using tire，the design and development concept and direction of the super-high-speed tire were obtained.The super-high-speed tire pattern adopted asymmetric design to maximize the rigidity of the outer pattern and increase the ground contact area.The pitch size and arrangement were designed to distinguish between the inner and outer sides.The profile adopted a large-size design，and the tread profile presented a straight image.The footprint adopted a rectangular design.The carcass could be a double-layer ordinary carcass or a single-layer reinforced carcass.The height and thickness of the apex and the bead wire were all designed according to the reinforcement design.

• lihua,zhangmin,wudongxia,huangmingxin,yangxu,wuyuexian and chenglina
• Design Diagram Serialization Expansion and PLM Integration of Tire Product Based on CATIA

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0070-0073

  [Abstract](313)

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• Abstract:Based on CATIA creating tire product digital modeling and CAA secondary development，a tire design method of automatic serialized specification expansion and PLM system integrated was introduced.The method mainly included building product digital model，creating coding object，CAA secondary development and integration with PLM system.Finally，the digital model of the product could be automatically serialized with CAA secondary development program and integrated PLM system preservation.The efficiency and accuracy of product design had been improved，the preservation and management of drawing files had been improved，development cost had been reduced，and the level of design automation was improved.

Structure Design

• ZHU Qingshuai,LI Hongwei,YI Shanhui,YIN Daming and LIU Xiaobin
• Design on Lightweight 35×12.50R20LT 10PR Light Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0074-0077

  [Abstract](291)

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• Abstract:The design on lightweight 35×12.50R20LT 10PR light truck and bus radial tire was introduced.In the structure design，the following parameters were taken：overall diameter　873 mm，cross-sectional width　318 mm，width of running surface　258 mm，arc height of running surface　11.6 mm，bead diameter at rim seat　511.4 mm，bead width at rim seat　279.4 mm，maximum width position of cross-section（H1/H2）　1.022，the tread adopted staggered block cross-country pattern，pattern depth　15.5 mm，block/total ratio　54.5%，and number of pattern pitchs　21.In the construction design，the following processes were taken：adopted tri-extruded tread，the carcass adopted three layers of 1670dtex/2 high modulus low shrinkage polyester dipped fabric，the belt adopted two layers of 2＋2×0.35HT steel cord，cap ply adopted 2 layers of 1400dtex/2 modified nylon 66 dipped fabric，using second-stage building machine to build tire，and using B-type curing bladder to cure tire.The test results of the finished tire showed that the inflated peripheral dimension，strength performance，high-speed performance，durability，low pressure durability and bead unseating resistance all met the requirements of relevant design and standards.

• WANG Yinzhu,ZHAO Jun,YU Fei,XIE Shiqiang and SUN Xin
• Design on 18.00R25 E3 All-steel Off-The-Road Radial Tire for Articulated Truck in Underground Mine

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0078-0082

  [Abstract](287)

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• Abstract:The design on 18.00R25 E3 all-steel off-the-road radial tire for articulated truck in underground mine was introduced.In the structure design，the following parameters were taken：overall diameter　1 602 mm，cross-section width　490 mm，width of running surface　430 mm，arc height of running surface　20 mm，bead diameter at rim seat　630 mm，bead width at rim seat　330.2 mm，maximum width position of cross section（H1/H2）　0.84，the tread pattern was designed with full saturation in the middle of the crown and horn pattern on the shoulder，pattern depth　30 mm，number of pattern pitches　32，and block/total ratio　86.7%.In the construction design，the following processes were taken：using the cutting resistant compound formula for tread and using the low heat build-up compound formula for base，adopted 4 layers belt structure，using 7×7×0.22＋0.15HT steel cord for 1# and 2# belt，4×6×0.25HE steel cord for 3# and 4# belt，7×7×0.25＋0.15HT steel cord for carcass，using one-stage building machine to build tire and single-mode steamer type curing press to cure tire.The test results of finished tire showed that the inflation peripheral dimension，static load performance and durability of the tire met the requirements of the corresponding design and national standards.

Material·Compounding

• liuhualong,ZHANG Yufen,LI Chao,SUN Qingjiang and CUI Xiao
• Study on Properties of Natural Rubber from Different Countries

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): -

  [Abstract](309)

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• Abstract:Taking the 20# standard natural rubber（NR） produced in Malaysia and Thailand （respectively recorded as 1# and 2# NR） as an example，the relationship between its physicochemical property and processing properties was studied. The results showed that，the volatile content and ash content of 1# and 2#NR raw rubber were basically the same. The Mooney viscosity of the 1#NR compound was significantly lower than that of the 2#NR compound，while the Mooney viscosity of the 1#NR raw rubber was higher than that of the 2#NR raw rubber，it showed that the Mooney viscosity of NR could not accurately reflect the processing property of NR in the process of mixing，and must also be analyzed in conjunction with the plasticity retention rate. The Payne effect of the 1# and 2#NR compounds was not much different，indicating that the fillers had the same dispersibility in the two NR，and the addition of peptizers to the NR was beneficial to the dispersion of filler in the rubber matrix. When the Mooney viscosity of the tread compound was similar，the wrapping performance of the 1#NR compound was obviously better than that of the 2#NR compound，but the shrinkage of the 1# NR compound after extrusion was slightly worse，the extrusion quality of the two tread compound were good.

• ZHAO Jiang-wei,ZHOU Zhifeng,ZHANG Jie,LI Hua-ting and XU Lin
• Application of HMIR in Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0088-0091

  [Abstract](248)

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• Abstract:Application of high Mooney viscosity isoprene rubber（HMIR） in truck and bus radial tire was studied.By using 30，20 and 20 phr HMIR to partialy replace natural rubber（NR） by equal weight in tread compound，carcass ply compound and shoulder compound，respectively，the abrasion resistance and cutting resistance of the tread compound improved and the rolling resistance was reduced，the modulus at 300% elongation，tear strength and adhesion properties of the carcass ply compound were equivalent，the modulus at 300% elongation and tear strength of shoulder compound increased and the tensile strength decreased.The inflated peripheral dimension，strength and durability of truck and bus radial tire produced with HMIR partialy instead of NR by equal weight all met the national standards，and the actual service performance was equivalent to or slightly better than that of all NR tire.

• LV Kanghui,FAN Yuchao,CHEN Xiaoxia,SUN Yanfei,SUN Xuejie and CHEN Xuemei
• Distribution and Interaction of Carbon Black in CIIR/NR Blend

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0092-0095

  [Abstract](282)

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• Abstract:By adjusting the mixing process to change the distribution of carbon black in two different rubber phases in a 70/30 raw rubber system with chlorinated butyl rubber（CIIR）/natural rubber（NR） blend，the influence of carbon black distribution on the properties of CIIR/NR blend was studied.The results showed that when more carbon black was distributed in the NR phase，the Mooney viscosity，FL and Fmax of the compound were larger，the Payne effect was stronger，and the hardness，modulus and tensile strength of the vulcanizate were larger.The loss factor（tanδ） of the compound in low temperature areas was bigger，the tanδ in normal temperature and high temperature areas was smaller.When more carbon black was distributed in the CIIR phase，the air tightness was better.

• YU Tuanqing,HUANG Jingjing,WANG Jianfeng,LIN Jie,HUANG Xu,GUO Lizi and XU Zezhao
• Application of Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes GC-21 in Tread Compound of Giant OTR Tire

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0096-0100

  [Abstract](267)

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• Abstract:The application of multi-wall carbon nanotubes GC-21 in the tread compound of giant off-the-road（OTR） tire was studied.The results showed that replacing carbon black N234 partially with multi-wall carbon nanotubes GC-21 in tread compound could improve the thermal conductivity of compound，increase the modulus，tensile strength，wear resistance and tear resistance of compound，and reduce the heat build-up of compound.The internal temperature of the finished tire was reduced and the service life was extended.

• Bai Hao,Cheng Qi-ming and Liu Hui
• Application of Adhesive Resin SL3020 in Apex of Steel-belted Radial Tire

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0101-0103

  [Abstract](258)

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• Abstract:The application of adhesive resin SL3020 in apex of steel-belted radial tire was studied. The results showed that，by using adhesive resin SL3020 to replace resorcinol with the same dosage or in increments，the problem of flue gas in the process of compound mixing and semi-finished product production could be effectively solved，the physical properties of the compound changed little.The strength performance，high-speed performance and durability of finished tire were comparable，the rolling resistance decreased a little.

• CAO Hui,WANG Zhiyuan,ZHOU Rongjie and JIANG Linfeng
• Effect of Tread Compound Properties on Snow Braking Performance of Passenger Car Tire

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0104-0110

  [Abstract](170)

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• Abstract:The snow braking performance of passenger car tire with the same structure，pattern design and different tread compound formula was compared and analyzed，and the effect of tread compound properties on snow braking performance of tires was studied.The results showed that the lower the glass transition temperature（T_g） of the tread compound，the better the snow braking performance of the tires.However，if the basic requirement that T_g was lower than the tire service temperature was met，the influence of the T_g of the tread compound on the snow braking of the tire would be weakened.The loss factor had little effect on the snow braking performance of the tire.The complex modulus（E^*） of the tread compound at 20 ℃ was highly related to the snow braking performance of the tire，the smaller the E^*，the better the snow braking performance of the tire.The hardness of tread compound at low temperature had a certain correlation with the snow braking performance of the tire，the overall trend was that the lower the hardness of tread compound at low temperature，the better the snow braking performance of the tire.However，if the hardness of tread compound at low temperature was controlled within a certain range，its correlation with the snow braking performance of the tire decreased，or even had no correlation.

Technology · Equipment

• Zhu xianlei and Liao jianzhong
• Causes and Control Method of Sidewall Section Offset of Tire

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0111-0116

  [Abstract](177)

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• Abstract:The causes of tire sidewall section offset and its control methods were studied. The results showed that the axial misalignment of the upper and lower molds of the segmented mold relative to the pattern block was the cause of the section offset，and the three gaps in the die structure were the main factors affecting the axial misalignment. Maintaining proper back pressure of the segmented mold in the mold closing stage could avoid steps on the sidewall when the mold was not closed.

• JIAo Zhiwei,SUN Jiale,ZHANG Jinyun,WANG Lei,YU Yuan,YAN Hua and YANG Weimin
• Experimental Study on Electromagnetic Induction Heating Uniformity of Metal Inner Mold in Direct Compression Vulcanization Process

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0117-0121

  [Abstract](264)

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• Abstract:The influence of the length and section size of the magnetic conductor on electromagnetic induction heating uniformity of metal inner mold in direct compression vulcanization was studied.The results showed that reducing the length of the magnetic conductor could reduce the magnetic line density at both ends of the drum pad，and made the electromagnetic induction heating more uniform，but it would lead to a decrease in the heating power of the drum pad.When the length of the magnetic conductor was 170 mm，the electromagnetic induction heating uniformity of metal inner mold in the direct compression vulcanization was the best.Although increasing the section size of the magnetic conductor would reduce the uniformity of electromagnetic induction heating，it could reduce the eddy loss and power loss of the magnetic conductor，effectively solving the problem of iron loss of magnetic conductor. When the section size of the magnetic conductor was 20 mm×15 mm，the effect of electromagnetic induction heating of metal inner mold in direct compression vulcanization was the best.

• a,a and a
• Cause Analysis and Solution to the Problem of Apex Folding of Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0122-0124

  [Abstract](283)

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Test·Analysis

• NI Zifei and HUANG He
• Influencing Factors of Steel Cord Fatigue Property

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0125-0127

  [Abstract](313)

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• Abstract:The influence of the monofilament diameter，strength and structure of steel cord on the bending fatigue properties of steel cord was studied. The results showed that for steel cords with the same structure and the same strength grade，the breaking force of the steel cord increased with the increase of the monofilament diameter，but the fatigue life was shortened instead. For steel cords with the same structure and the same monofilament diameter，with the increase of the breaking force of the steel cord，the fatigue life was significantly prolonged. For steel cords with the same diameter and number of single filaments，but with different structures，the bending fatigue properties of line contact 1＋18 structure steel cord were better than point contact 1 ＋ 6 ＋ 12 structure steel cord. The ultra-high strength steel cord and good fatigue resistance were the development trend of the tire steel cord skeleton material.

Domestic and Foreign News

• 吴淑华
• 铁系枝化丁戊橡胶创制技术获奖

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0082-0082

  [Abstract](111)

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• 利
• 一种轮胎失效检测系统

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0087-0087

  [Abstract](135)

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• 利
• 一种轮胎胎面花纹中镶钉自动排布的方法

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0087-0087

  [Abstract](131)

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• 利
• 一种轮胎用自动上料运输机

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0100-0100

  [Abstract](252)

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• chumin
• 玲珑轮胎两产品获奖

• 2023 Vol. 43(2): 0100-0100

  [Abstract](167)

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• Abstract: